Why didn’t the Australians open fire at Kibeho?
May 1, 2026
Towards the end of April each year, Australians and New Zealanders mark Anzac Day. It is not the only anniversary at that time of year, however, and other less remembered episodes in Australia’s history of war (everything being less remembered in Australia) sometimes get a passing mention among the annual commemorations. Among them is what is widely known as the Kibeho massacre, which occurred in Rwanda in 1995.

This last event—when Australian and Zambian peacekeepers were unable to intervene as the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) killed many internally displaced persons (IDPs) at Kibeho IDP camp in south-west Rwanda—is among the best known, and most disturbing, episodes in the long and varied history of Australian peacekeeping. The experiences of individuals have been recounted in numerous articles and a few books. These emphasise the often-searing personal experiences and are worth reading, but they are largely based on personal memory and the recollections of other participants, which does lead to inaccuracies and other limitations.

Jean Bou

Historian and Founder, Echoes of War

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