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		<title>Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/#respond</comments>
		
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		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2026 05:33:59 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought <em>each other</em> for control of the same territory in the Second World War’s Syria-Lebanon Campaign. Why? As history usually is, it’s kind of complex. Consequently, this will be an experimental two-parter, with this week’s newsletter being for background and context, and the next will examine the campaign itself.</p>
<p>In the aftermath of the First World War the former <a href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/post-war-treaties-ottoman-empire-middle-east/">Ottoman territories of the Middle East were carved up among the victorious powers</a>. Britain <a href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/british-mandate-for-palestine/">took control</a> of Iraq, Transjordan and Palestine, while the <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zvwbs">French got Syria and Lebanon</a>, where it had long maintained that it had interests. Pursuing these ambitions had been why there were French troops fighting alongside the Australians in 1918.</p></div>
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					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
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														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">10 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought each...</p>
</div></div>			
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			<article id="post-1404" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_1_1 post-1404 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">6 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been...</p>
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			<article id="post-1398" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_1_2 post-1398 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
</div></div>			
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			<article id="post-1388" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_1_3 post-1388 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
</div></div>			
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			<article id="post-1380" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_1_4 post-1380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">22 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the...</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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		<title>The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[echoesofwar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 06:49:18 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/?p=1404</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_1 et_pb_with_background et_section_specialty" >
				
				
				
				
				
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner">Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been producing junior army officers ever since, though not always at Duntroon. In the 1930s, dire budgets meant it relocated to Victoria Barracks in Sydney for a time. For generations of officers, predominantly regular ones, it has been the training institution that introduced them to military service and began their training as leaders and commanders. Not everyone found the experience pleasant, and ‘bastardisation’ (that is, bullying, or hazing, to use the American term) scandals dogged it for many years, and did worse to the cadets who endured it. As a military college geared for producing officers, the place could, possibly with some unfairness, be characterised as inherently conservative, but this week’s newsletter aims to highlight its creation more than a century ago and its links to one of the most radical reforms ever visited upon the Australian military — Universal Training.</div>
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					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Continue Reading</h3>
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			<article id="post-1925" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_3_0 post-1925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">10 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought each...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1404" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_3_1 post-1404 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">6 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1398" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_3_2 post-1398 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1388" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_3_3 post-1388 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1380" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_3_4 post-1380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">22 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the...</p>
</div></div>			
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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		<title>An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[echoesofwar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 06:42:49 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/?p=1398</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_2 et_pb_with_background et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner">Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops highlights how poorly prepared Australian colonial contingents for the war were.</p>
<p>In mid-1901 Australians, now part of the recently federated Commonwealth, had been fighting in South Africa for more than 18 months. While the Australian contingents often did well, by any objective measure they were also variable in their quality. All were hastily raised, had little training, were despatched with great alacrity, and upon arrival were immediately sent on operations. This was what Britain wanted and what they thought was adequate to fight the Boers. While there were many instances of Australian contingents and individuals doing well, or at least performing satisfactorily, perhaps inevitably the shortcomings could also be exposed. In June 1901 several companies of the 5th Victorian Mounted Rifles, encamped at farm called Wilmansrust in Central Transvaal, were subjected to a surprise night attack by a Boer commando (as Boer units were titled, the term’s modern meaning came later). The Victorians were routed and suffered 19 killed and another 41 wounded. It was the costliest Australian encounter of the war. So, how does the episode highlight the deficiencies of Australian contingents?</div>
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					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
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			<article id="post-1925" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_5_0 post-1925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">10 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought each...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1404" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_5_1 post-1404 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">6 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1398" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_5_2 post-1398 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1388" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_5_3 post-1388 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1380" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_5_4 post-1380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">22 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
				</div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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		<title>War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[echoesofwar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 06:33:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/?p=1388</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_3 et_pb_with_background et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
				<div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_1">
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				<div class="et_pb_module et_pb_text et_pb_text_12  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light">
				
				
				
				
				<div class="et_pb_text_inner">Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the contingent, ready to hand out medals (to soldiers who had seen little action) from atop a worn-out horse, while the NSW Governor, Lord Loftus, takes the roll of a scruffy looking contingent. Present in the bottom right of the drawing, but unmentioned in last week’s caption, is another character that owed its origin to the existence of the contingent, and which went on to become an enduring and storied symbol of the nation itself – ‘The little boy at Manly’.</p>
<p>The cartoon character, ‘The little boy at Manly’, first appeared in a cartoon by the American born Livingston Hopkins in the Bulletin in early April 1885.</div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_testimonial et_pb_testimonial_3 clearfix  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_align_center-phone et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_icon_off et_pb_testimonial_no_image">
				
				
				
				
				<div style="background-image:url(https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/JeanB-0048.jpg)" class="et_pb_testimonial_portrait"></div>
				<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description">
					<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description_inner"></div>
					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
				</div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Continue Reading</h3>
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			</div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_blog_7 et_pb_posts et_pb_bg_layout_light ">
				
				
				
				
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			<article id="post-1925" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_7_0 post-1925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">10 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought each...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1404" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_7_1 post-1404 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">6 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1398" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_7_2 post-1398 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1388" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_7_3 post-1388 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1380" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_7_4 post-1380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">22 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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		<title>The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[echoesofwar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2026 06:21:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/?p=1380</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_4 et_pb_with_background et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
				<div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_2">
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				<div class="et_pb_module et_pb_text et_pb_text_19  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light">
				
				
				
				
				<div class="et_pb_text_inner">This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the contingent have long been examined through a nationalist lens to outline the features of an Australian colony’s relationship to the British Empire. That it was a demonstration of what is usually labelled ‘imperial loyalty’, despite the strong misgivings about the enterprise by some in the colony itself, has long been part of the historical narrative. However, I am increasingly finding this a not entirely satisfactory way to consider it.</p>
<p>For background, for anyone not familiar, in early 1885 the Gladstone government, facing strong public and press pressure, found itself reluctantly having to send a relief expedition up the Nile to lift a siege on the city of Khartoum. In Khartoum was a renowned and wildly popular British imperial military celebrity, General Charles ‘China’ Gordon (‘China’ because he had first gained prominence fighting in China’s Taiping Rebellion). He was there because in 1884 the British were effectively in control of Egypt and the government had sent him into Sudan to extract beleaguered Egyptian garrisons, which had become bogged down in a years-long local uprising against Egyptian expansionism. The revolt was led by Muhammad Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Fahal, who styled himself as the Mahdi (the guided one) of Islam.</div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_testimonial et_pb_testimonial_4 clearfix  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_align_center-phone et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_icon_off et_pb_testimonial_no_image">
				
				
				
				
				<div style="background-image:url(https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/JeanB-0048.jpg)" class="et_pb_testimonial_portrait"></div>
				<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description">
					<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description_inner"></div>
					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
				</div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Continue Reading</h3>
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			<article id="post-1925" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_9_0 post-1925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">10 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought each...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1404" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_9_1 post-1404 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">6 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1398" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_9_2 post-1398 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1388" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_9_3 post-1388 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1380" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_9_4 post-1380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">22 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the...</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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		<title>Wars are not always popular</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/15/wars-are-not-always-popular/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/15/wars-are-not-always-popular/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[echoesofwar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 07:33:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/?p=1015</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/15/wars-are-not-always-popular/">Wars are not always popular</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner">Wars are not always popular, despite claims from governments and rulers that they are just, necessary or being waged in the people’s interests. On 8–9 May 1970 what were then the largest street demonstrations in Australia’s history occurred around the country. They were opposing the Vietnam War, making the stark point that many Australians were sick of the war, and relatedly, opposed to conscription for overseas service. Indeed, it is widely accepted that it was the issue of conscription that probably motivated many opponents of the war.</p>
<p>It had not always been that way. Despite persistent mythology, the evidence suggests that most Australians supported the war and the country’s involvement in it, at least in the early years, and possibly until the end. As in the United States, however, as the war dragged on, the cost in lives mounted and victory seemed unlikely, opposition grew. By 1969 there were widespread ‘moratorium’ marches opposing the war in the United States and by 1970 there was growing momentum for the same to happen in Australia.</div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_testimonial et_pb_testimonial_5 clearfix  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_align_center-phone et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_icon_off et_pb_testimonial_no_image">
				
				
				
				
				<div style="background-image:url(https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/JeanB-0048.jpg)" class="et_pb_testimonial_portrait"></div>
				<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description">
					<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description_inner"></div>
					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
				</div>
			</div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Continue Reading</h3>
</div>
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			<article id="post-1925" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_11_0 post-1925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">10 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought each...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1404" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_11_1 post-1404 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">6 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1398" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_11_2 post-1398 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1388" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_11_3 post-1388 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1380" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_11_4 post-1380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">22 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
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			</div>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/15/wars-are-not-always-popular/">Wars are not always popular</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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		<title>How Australia used two wars to secure a treaty</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/07/how-australia-used-two-wars-to-secure-a-treaty/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/07/how-australia-used-two-wars-to-secure-a-treaty/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[echoesofwar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 07:32:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/?p=1012</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/07/how-australia-used-two-wars-to-secure-a-treaty/">How Australia used two wars to secure a treaty</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_6 et_pb_with_background et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
				<div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_4">
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p>In late April 1952 the Treaty of San Francisco, which ended the war between Japan and the Allies of the Second World War (increasingly styled as the United Nations in the war’s latter years) came into effect. Not everyone signed. India later concluded its own treaty, while China’s signature, despite it being a key belligerent, was forestalled over international disputes about whether the Communists or Nationalists were the country’s legitimate government. Australia had been among the signatories to the treaty the previous September, however, despite the deep misgivings of many Australians who were appalled at the supposedly ‘soft’ peace – in February 1952 a petition with 100,000 signatures opposing the treaty had been presented to the Federal Parliament.</p>
<p>If the still relatively new government of Sir Robert Menzies was domestically troubled by this, they could face the electorate with a high-quality insurance policy in the form of a newly signed security arrangement with the United States. Though Menzies later enthused about its value, he had been less interested in trying to achieve it and it was his Minister for External Affairs, Percy Spender, who, like his Labor predecessor, H.V. Evatt, that doggedly pursued it. Counterfactually, it may be that the realities of the Cold War could have led to a similar security guarantee later, but the thing that got Canberra and Washington to sign such a document in 1951 was war. In fact, two of them.</p></div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_testimonial et_pb_testimonial_6 clearfix  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_align_center-phone et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_icon_off et_pb_testimonial_no_image">
				
				
				
				
				<div style="background-image:url(https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/JeanB-0048.jpg)" class="et_pb_testimonial_portrait"></div>
				<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description">
					<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description_inner"></div>
					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
				</div>
			</div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column_13  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et-last-child">
				
				
				
				
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Continue Reading</h3>
</div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_blog_13 et_pb_posts et_pb_bg_layout_light ">
				
				
				
				
				<div class="et_pb_ajax_pagination_container">
					
			<article id="post-1925" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_13_0 post-1925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">10 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought each...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1404" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_13_1 post-1404 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">6 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1398" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_13_2 post-1398 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1388" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_13_3 post-1388 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1380" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_13_4 post-1380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">22 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
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			</div>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/07/how-australia-used-two-wars-to-secure-a-treaty/">How Australia used two wars to secure a treaty</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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		<title>Why didn’t the Australians open fire at Kibeho?</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/01/why-didnt-the-australians-open-fire-at-kibeho/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/01/why-didnt-the-australians-open-fire-at-kibeho/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[echoesofwar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2026 07:32:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/?p=1009</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/01/why-didnt-the-australians-open-fire-at-kibeho/">Why didn’t the Australians open fire at Kibeho?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_7 et_pb_with_background et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
				<div class="et_pb_row et_pb_row_5">
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner">Towards the end of April each year, Australians and New Zealanders mark Anzac Day. It is not the only anniversary at that time of year, however, and other less remembered episodes in Australia’s history of war (everything being less remembered in Australia) sometimes get a passing mention among the annual commemorations. Among them is what is widely known as the Kibeho massacre, which occurred in Rwanda in 1995.</p>
<p> This last event—when Australian and Zambian peacekeepers were unable to intervene as the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) killed many internally displaced persons (IDPs) at Kibeho IDP camp in south-west Rwanda—is among the best known, and most disturbing, episodes in the long and varied history of Australian peacekeeping. The experiences of individuals have been recounted in numerous articles and a few books. These emphasise the often-searing personal experiences and are worth reading, but they are largely based on personal memory and the recollections of other participants, which does lead to inaccuracies and other limitations.</div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_testimonial et_pb_testimonial_7 clearfix  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_align_center-phone et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_icon_off et_pb_testimonial_no_image">
				
				
				
				
				<div style="background-image:url(https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/JeanB-0048.jpg)" class="et_pb_testimonial_portrait"></div>
				<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description">
					<div class="et_pb_testimonial_description_inner"></div>
					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
				</div>
			</div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Continue Reading</h3>
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			<article id="post-1925" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_15_0 post-1925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/10/why-australians-and-brits-and-indians-and-free-french-and-others-fought-the-french-in-1941/">Why Australians (and Brits and Indians, and Free French, and others) fought the French in 1941</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">10 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>In September and October of 1918 Australian and French troops had fought side-by-side against the Ottoman Empire as they advanced through Syria in the final stages of the Palestine Campaign. Twenty-three years later, in 1941, Australian and French troops fought each...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1404" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_15_1 post-1404 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/07/06/the-radical-military-experiment-that-created-duntroon/">The radical military experiment that created Duntroon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">6 Jul, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Happy Birthday to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which turns 115 years old on 27 June. Established in 1911, in a homestead on the edge of what is now Canberra (Duntroon being the name of the old Campbell family homestead, now the officers’ mess), it has been...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1398" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_15_2 post-1398 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/06/12/an-australian-disaster-in-south-africa-wilmansrust-1901/">An Australian disaster in South Africa, Wilmansrust 1901</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1388" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_15_3 post-1388 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/29/war-and-the-origin-of-an-australian-cartoon-icon/">War and the origin of an Australian cartoon icon</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
</div></div>			
			</article>
				
			<article id="post-1380" class="et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_no_thumb et_pb_blog_item_15_4 post-1380 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized">

				
														<h2 class="entry-title">
													<a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/22/the-uncomfortable-question-beneath-australias-first-overseas-war/">The uncomfortable question beneath Australia’s first overseas war</a>
											</h2>
				
					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">22 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>This time of the year, 141 years ago, the New South Wales Contingent to the Sudan was steaming home from its brief involvement in an ill-fated campaign that Britain’s Gladstone government had reluctantly launched in northeast Africa. The despatch and service of the...</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/05/01/why-didnt-the-australians-open-fire-at-kibeho/">Why didn’t the Australians open fire at Kibeho?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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		<title>War is a Pandora’s Box</title>
		<link>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/04/23/war-is-a-pandoras-box/</link>
					<comments>https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/04/23/war-is-a-pandoras-box/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[echoesofwar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 09:00:40 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/?p=934</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Echoes of War is about history, not current events or potential futures. There is no shortage of commentary offering hot takes on what is happening now, what it supposedly means or what future it portends. As Sir Lawrence Freedman, probably among others, has pointed out, history is littered with futures of war. That is, predictions about the future of war are plentiful and always have been. He also pointed out that most of them turned out to be, shall we say, utter balls (my words, not Professor Freedman’s).</p>
<p>History, that is where we live, not the academic discipline, is rather complicated and many, probably almost all, predictions about the future prove well wide of the mark. The accurate ones only seem fully perceptive in retrospect, and even then, the accuracy is likely only partial or reliant on the lens used to examine it.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/04/23/war-is-a-pandoras-box/">War is a Pandora’s Box</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_8 et_pb_with_background et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p>Echoes of War is about history, not current events or potential futures. There is no shortage of commentary offering hot takes on what is happening now, what it supposedly means or what future it portends. As Sir Lawrence Freedman, probably among others, has pointed out, history is littered with futures of war. That is, predictions about the future of war are plentiful and always have been. He also pointed out that most of them turned out to be, shall we say, utter balls (my words, not Professor Freedman’s).</p>
<p>History, that is where we live, not the academic discipline, is rather complicated and many, probably almost all, predictions about the future prove well wide of the mark. The accurate ones only seem fully perceptive in retrospect, and even then, the accuracy is likely only partial or reliant on the lens used to examine it.</p></div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_module et_pb_testimonial et_pb_testimonial_8 clearfix  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_text_align_center-phone et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_icon_off et_pb_testimonial_no_image">
				
				
				
				
				<div style="background-image:url(https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/JeanB-0048.jpg)" class="et_pb_testimonial_portrait"></div>
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					<span class="et_pb_testimonial_author">Jean Bou</span>
					<p class="et_pb_testimonial_meta"><span class="et_pb_testimonial_position">Historian and Founder, Echoes of War</span></p>
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					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">12 Jun, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Australian military history often celebrates battlefield success. But this week I want to look at something different: Australia’s worst military defeat before Gallipoli. It was the costliest Australian engagement of the war, and the performance of the troops...</p>
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					<p class="post-meta"><span class="published">29 May, 2026</span></p><div class="post-content"><div class="post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden"><p>Last week’s newsletter used an image of a political cartoon taken from the radical Sydney periodical, The Bulletin. The cartoon satirically depicts the return of the New South Wales Contingent to Sudan in 1885 and has William Dalley, who as acting-Premier had sent the...</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au/2026/04/23/war-is-a-pandoras-box/">War is a Pandora’s Box</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.echoesofwar.com.au">Echoes of War</a>.</p>
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